Hormone discovered that preserves insulin production and beta cell function in diabetes

ScienceDaily (July 2, 2012) ? Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have found protective, anti-diabetic functions for a hormone that, like insulin, is produced by the islet cells of the pancreas. The new hormone was found to stimulate insulin secretion from rat and human islet cells and protect islet cells in the presence of toxic, cell-killing factors used in the study.

The study, which was supported by JDRF, a global leader in type 1 diabetes research, appears in the July 3 issue of the journal Cell Metabolism.

The findings provide insight into the health and survival of beta cells, a type of islet cell that produces insulin to regulate sugar levels. The discovery could open pathways for further research toward prevention and treatments for type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

The researchers gave the hormone, TLQP-21 to Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats, which have a genetic propensity to develop type 2 diabetes. They saw a significant improvement in insulin and glucose (sugar) levels and less beta cell death in the treated animals.

"We think this finding is important because it is the first demonstration that TLQP-21 prevents deterioration of the beta cells and stimulates insulin secretion in the presence of glucose," said senior author Christopher B. Newgard, Ph.D., director of the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, and the W. David and Sarah W. Stedman Distinguished Professor. "Because diabetes starts to take hold when the number of beta cells dwindles and insulin production drops, finding the best way to produce more of this protective hormone could be valuable."

Although the researchers have so far only tested TLQP-21 in models of type 2 diabetes, they plan to test the hormone in type 1 in future studies.

Both types of diabetes are characterized by a loss of functional beta cell mass. Type 1 is an autoimmune disease characterized by selective and progressive loss of functional insulin-producing beta cells and is more severe. Type 2 is a disease characterized by beta cell dysfunction as well as peripheral insulin resistance. Most people with type 2 eventually become insulin-dependent.

"These exciting findings provide novel insight into how beta cell health and survival may be regulated in the body," said Patricia Kilian, Ph.D., director of the beta cell regeneration program at JDRF. "We are looking forward to studies that will further test how this novel hormone affects beta cell function in T1D (type 1 diabetes) models."

TLQP-21 is similar in some of its functions to another naturally occurring hormone produced in the digestive tract, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Through different mechanisms, both hormones protect and promote insulin secretion. GLP-1 or drugs that stabilize it are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes, but with some side effects, including increased heart rate and reduced stomach emptying, that have resulted in cessation of therapy in some people.

"What's exciting is that in the animal studies of TLQP-21, we didn't see these side effects," said lead author Samuel B. Stephens, Ph.D., a postdoctoral researcher in the Stedman Center. "The rats had typical appetites and ate normal amounts of food, and didn't show any changes in heart rate or digestion patterns when they were given large doses of the hormone."

The next step is to find a small molecule that could stimulate the islet cells to produce more of the TLQP-21 hormone, or to develop more potent or stable versions of injected hormone. Research toward a longer-acting drug will help accelerate its eventual testing in type 1 diabetes, said Newgard, who is also a professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology.

The work was a collaboration with Geoffrey Pitt, M.D., Ph.D., an associate professor of medicine in cardiology who heads the Duke Ion Channel Research Unit, and Albert Y. Sun, M.D., a cardiovascular disease fellow in the Pitt lab, who ran the tests to determine whether TLQP-21 raised heart rates. Other authors of the study include Jonathan C. Schisler, Ph.D., Hans E. Hohmeier, M.D., Ph.D., and Jie An, Ph.D.

The work was supported by grants from the JDRF, the National Institutes of Health (DK58398), and an American Heart Association post-doctoral fellowship, as well as a sponsored research agreement with Eli Lilly, with whom Dr. Newgard consults.

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Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120702162319.htm

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Dior Homme: Masterly Minimal

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China's first female astronaut returns to Earth

China's first female astronaut and two other crew members completed a 13-day mission Friday to an orbiting prototype for a future Chinese space station.

By Christopher Bodeen,?Associated Press / June 29, 2012

China's first female astronaut Liu Yang waves as she comes out of the re-entry capsule of Shenzhou-9 spacecraft in China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Friday, June 29, 2012. Liu and two other crew members returned safely to earth Friday from a 13-day mission to an orbiting prototype space station.

AP Photo/Xinhua, Wang Jianmin

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China's first female astronaut and two other crew members emerged smiling from a capsule that returned safely to Earth on Friday from a 13-day mission to an orbiting module that is a prototype for a future space station.

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The Shenzhou 9 parachuted to a landing on the grasslands of the country's sprawling Inner Mongolia region at about 10 a.m. (0200 GMT). China declared the first manned mission to the Tiangong 1 module ? the space program's longest and most challenging yet ? a major stride ahead for the country's ambitious space program.

About an hour later, mission commander and veteran astronaut Jing Haipeng, 45, emerged from the capsule, followed by crew mates Liu Wang, 43, and 33-year-old Liu Yang, China's first female astronaut.

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The three, all experienced air force pilots, were lifted on to folding chairs and appeared in good health. They smiled, waved, chatted and saluted as state television ran live footage from the landing site.

"Tiangong 1, our home in space, was comfortable and pleasant. We're very proud of our nation," Liu Yang told national broadcaster CCTV.

Space program commander, Gen. Chang Wanchuan, declared the astronauts in good health and declared the mission "completely successful."

He was followed by Premier Wen Jiabao, who said the mission marked "absolutely important progress" for the space program.

The mission had included both remote control and piloted dockings with the module and extensive medical monitoring of the astronauts as part of preparations for manning a permanent space station.

China's next goals include another manned mission to the module originally scheduled for later this year but which may be delayed depending on an evaluation of the Shenzhou 9 mission and the condition of the Tiangong 1. China has been extremely cautious and methodical in its manned missions, with more than three years passing since the previous one, and all four have been relatively problem-free.

Chen Shanguang, director for the Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, told a news conference that preparations and selection of astronauts were already under way for the Shenzhou 10 mission.

Tiangong 1 is due to be retired in a few years and replaced with a permanent space station around 2020 that will weigh about 60 tons, slightly smaller than NASA's Skylab of the 1970s and about one-sixth the size of the 16-nation International Space Station that China was barred from participating in, largely on objections from the United States. Possible future missions could include sending a rover to the moon, possibly followed by a manned lunar mission. Launched June 16 from the Jiuquan center on the edge of the Gobi desert in northern China, Shenzhou 9 is the latest success for China's manned space program that launched its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, into space in 2003, making China just the third nation after Russia and the U.S. to achieve that feat. China would also be the third country after the United States and Russia to send independently maintained space stations into orbit.

Earlier in the week, a spokeswoman said China spent 20 billion yuan ($3.1 billion) on its space program between 1992 and 2005 ? a rare admission for a program with close links to the secretive military. By the time the next Shenzhou mission is completed, Beijing will have spent an additional 19 billion yuan ($3 billion), the spokeswoman said.

Wang Zhaoyao, director of China's manned space program office, said the program mirrors the rising global status of China.

"For any country, for any people, a space program is indispensable," Wang said.

___

Associated Press writer Didi Tang contributed to this report.

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Copyright 2012 The Associated Press.

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HelloGiggles ? Why does nobody on The Bachelorette look like me?

First off, let me wholeheartedly declare my love for The Bachelor, The Bachelorette and yes, even its more dysfunctional spin-off, The Bachelor Pad. I even l love The Bachelorette so much that I wrote a blog post about why, despite my love for the show, I would make a horrible contestant.

Like what I assume must be hundreds of thousands of other young women my age, I too engage in the Monday night ritual of watching The Bachelorette, which, for those of you who don?t know, usually involves a few bottles of wine with your girlfriends, hurried and impassioned conversations during commercial breaks and of course, the most important part of the evening, the ?post-screening summit? ? a discussion whose energy would rival that of a G8 summit any day.

Though I am both aware and interested in the many cultural implications that a show like The Bachelor/Bachelorette exposes in our society, there is one particular issue as of late that has my interest especially peaked. As of April 2012, two former African-American cast members are currently suing ABC?s hit television franchise for what they deem to be ?racial discrimination?.

While normally I don?t take the criticisms leveled against The Bachelor/Bachelorette too seriously, claims such as the ?absurdity? of finding a spouse on television or accusations that we are propagating a ?fairy-tale ending? that doesn?t really exist, I strongly feel that the current issue being brought up about racial discrimination on The Bachelor/Bachelorette is one that should be discussed, rather than ignored.

There are a few reasons I feel more strongly on behalf of this particular concern than some of the more tried and true apprehensions regularly surrounding reality-dating shows. First, I myself am a woman of color. Full disclosure: I?m a Cuban, Korean, Filipino first-generation American woman, and my purpose in writing this article is not in hopes of speaking for entire groups of people, but rather to offer a personal narrative about how reality television is currently affecting my own little worldview.

The second reason is a bit more complex. You see, for the most part, I believe that when people choose to watch shows like?The Bachelorette?or?Million Dollar Matchmaker or any other reality television dating series, they kind of know what they are getting themselves into. We expect some sense of suspended reality; in fact, that?s part of the reason we love watching these shows, because even though we know it?s probably not going to work out in the end, we still love watching people ?fall in love?.??However, the danger in giving into that unrealistic ?reality? is that we begin to believe it?s real. Whether we know it or not, everything we read, watch and listen to contributes to our larger ideas about how society works. It gives us our lens by which to frame our real realities. So what does this have to do with racial discrimination?

More than you think. By consistently having not only a majority, but an almost exclusively white cast on The Bachelor/Bachelorette, we are saying, whether intentionally or not, that it is only white people in this country who deserve to have a shot at finding true love.

What?! Some of you maybe reading this and find what I said to be completely absurd? of course that?s not what ABC is trying to say. This may just be to you another classic example of issues of race being blown out of proportion by the media, but I am not attempting to write on behalf of the entire liberal media. Rather, I write on behalf of myself and how the media I watch affects me.

It is strange to grow up in a country like America, so rich in its racial and cultural diversity, and yet find a shockingly lacking picture of that history reflected in our media. If you are not a woman of color, chances are you know someone who is, maybe it?s your co-worker, your neighbor, or even your best friend. Put yourself in our shoes for just a minute and imagine what it?s like to turn on the television and not see a single person that looks like you pass by for ten minutes, thirty minutes, and hour, or even two hours, Though it may not always be on the surface of your mind, a part of you takes note of that, reminding yourself that in many ways you are invisible, and the invisible cannot be beautiful, why they?re not even being seen.

Sometimes when I am watching The Bachelorette and my heart is getting swept away by the building music, the exotic destinations and the 25 beautiful men standing nervously in their suits waiting for a moment to talk to Emily, I try and imagine what it would be like to be in her shoes, but it?s very hard. It?s hard to hear man after man say to the camera that Emily is the most beautiful woman they?ve ever met, when she is actually the complete physical opposite of who I am. She has blond hair, blue eyes, a tiny waist and southern charm, and though I do not count myself an ugly woman, it is hard to think these men would step out of a limousine and lose their words over me. To be honest, it?s even harder to imagine being on The Bachelor than The Bachelorette, where at least I would be making all the calls. While all my friends talk about what their chances would be as contestants on The Bachelor, I can only picture myself being sent home after the first rose ceremony, the only woman of color amongst a sea of beautiful white women.

So you see, at least for me this issue is not one that can be taken lightly, as it is not something that I have the luxury of ignoring. Though invisible to the world of modern American media, when I look in the mirror, I am sure I exist, and I can no longer pretend that not seeing myself on the shows I love and watch is not a disheartening thing. If we want to raise a generation of young, confident women who believe they are beautiful, worthy and capable, then we must make sure that all women, no matter their race, ethnicity or sexual orientation are given an equal opportunity to shine in both the modern media and the real world outside of reality television.

What I am proposing is not an easy fix; it cannot be done overnight or likely even within the next decade, but it is one that starts with people like you, people who read things on the internet, share them with their friends and make their voices heard about the things they care about. Even if you personally are not a woman of color, or even a woman for that matter, you can still help the cause by supporting media that supports others. Whether it?s something as small as reposting this blog, writing ABC or even just making an effort to watch shows that do their best to represent peoples of all colors and all walks of life, then we are one step closer than we were before, and that?s one step closer to making things what they should be.

You can read more from Ashley Perez on her blog.

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Nowadays, it has become very important to keep ourselves posted with the current affairs of the nation and the world as a whole. There are always unexpected events happening all around and it is very crucial for us to keep a record of these events. That is the main reason why each and everyone down the pike are keen on educating themselves with the latest news updates. This can be done with the help of various sources such as newspapers, television, online news websites, news blogs, etc.

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